Sources

Wàn Mínyīng (万民英) · late Ming dynasty (c. 1578)

Primary classical source for the 立春 year boundary, the 24 solar terms as month-pillar boundaries, and the structural framework that modern lineages still organise around.

Xú Dàshēng (徐大升), compiling Xú Zǐpíng’s Song-era system · Song dynasty compilation, surviving Ming editions

Source for the Five Tigers rule (五虎遁) used to derive the month stem from the year stem, and the canonical statement of the Zǐpíng method this site follows.

Attributed to Liú Bówēn (刘伯温); commentary tradition by Rén Tiěqiáo (任铁樵), Qing dynasty · Ming origin, Qing commentary (Rén Tiěqiáo c. 1846)

Source for day-master strength evaluation and the rooting / penetration logic the engine applies in self-strength scoring.

Yú Chūntái (余春台) · Ming dynasty

Canonical source for the 调候 (climate balance) table. The engine’s favourable element derivation for balanced charts is encoded directly from this work, ten Day Masters by twelve months.

Compiled by Han-era editors (attributed to the Yellow Emperor) · Warring States to Han, c. 300 BCE – 100 CE

Source for the Five Elements (五行) doctrine the editorial copy on /learn/five-elements draws on: the generating and controlling cycles, and the organ–taste–season–direction correspondences. Suwen ch. 5 (阴阳应象大论) is the principal reference.

Joey Yap · 2007 · ISBN 978-9833332083

Working reference for the Ten Gods framework, day-master archetypes, and the interpretive vocabulary used across the Day Master profiles on this site.

Joey Yap · 2009 · ISBN 978-9670310015

Reference for structure detection (格局) and the 化气 transformation conditions, including the percentage-gate approximations the engine documents on the methodology page.

Joey Yap · 2008 · ISBN 978-9833332441

Reference for luck-pillar reading conventions and the symbolic-star detection rules the engine implements for the standard 15-star set.

Lily Chung · 1997 · ISBN 978-0966298703

Reference for self-strength evaluation methodology in English and the rooting / penetration framing the engine applies to mixed charts.

Master Sang · 1994

Reference for stem-and-branch interaction rules (合冲刑害) and the twelve-stages-of-life table used in the engine’s strength analysis.

Helen Jones and Mark Jones · 2010 · ISBN 978-1848191112

Cross-reference for English terminology choices and for verifying that the editorial voice on this site lands in the practitioner register rather than the entertainment register.

Qing imperial astronomical bureau, with Jesuit collaboration (Schall, Verbiest) · promulgated 1645; remained the official Chinese calendar through 1911

The astronomical calendar that established the true-solar-term basis used for BaZi pillar boundaries: each of the 24 solar terms is set by an actual ecliptic-longitude crossing rather than the older mean-motion 平气 method. The engine’s solar-term tables and 立春 year boundary follow this convention.

Hong Kong Observatory (香港天文台) · ongoing · https://www.hko.gov.hk/tc/gts/time/calendar/

Cross-check authority for the 24 solar-term timestamps and the day-pillar 60-cycle. The engine’s precomputed solar-term table (1849–2101) is verified against this source before bundling.

Don Cross (cosinekitty) · 2019–present · https://github.com/cosinekitty/astronomy

Library used to compute solar ecliptic longitude for solar-term boundaries and Equation-of-Time corrections. The output is precomputed at build time and shipped as a static table.

6tail · 2020–present · https://github.com/6tail/lunar-typescript

Library used for cross-validation of the day-pillar 60-cycle against an independent traditional-calendar implementation, and as a secondary check for the lunar date displayed alongside chart output.

Lois Rodden, maintained by Astrodienst · Rodden rating system 1979–present; database ongoing · https://www.astro.com/astro-databank/

Source for the Rodden rating system (AA, A, B, C, DD) used in the famous-name attribution audit. Charts cited on the site are filtered to AA or A unless the lower rating is explicitly flagged as unverified.